Moral Communities and Jailhouse Religion- myassignmenthelp.com

Question: Discuss about theMoral Communities and Jailhouse Religion. Answer: Introduction Many people have decribed prisons as schools for crime and others term the prisons as breeding grounds for crime. Actually, new data shows that a prisoner is more likely to commit other crime ones they get out of prison. Incarcerating criminals makes them learn new tricks of the trade. The perception that if you go to prison, you become more violent and corrupt when you leave is true. This is because most of the conversations in prison generally revolve around drugs, crime and gossip of who will do what to whom (Chin et al., 2010). Even while in prison, there are offenders who commit crimes and plan new crimes when they get a chance to get out of the prison facility. It has been worse because some gang leaders or shot callers who are influential in the prison facility engineer crimes by using the offenders who have been released. One of the reason why prisoners come out worse than they went in is than some aspire to be the kingpins in the prison hence they must prove that they can indeed become by committing more serious crimes both inside the prison and when they are released so that they can go back. The prison system has lacked effectiveness in that once an offender is incarcerated there is nothing that motivates them to change their ways even though some people may say that the decision is purely made by the individual whether to change or not. According to experts in restorative justice, the reason why prison has become ineffective is because the system has been set up as a harsh penal estate instead of a place where the offender can experience transformative rehabilitation. Norway is one of the countries that has managed to transform its prison system into a rehabilitative experience and the data shows that it is among the countries that have the lowest reoffending rates in the world (Hartnett, Novek and Wood, n.d.). This person needs to be reintegrated into society by learning that their behavior is socially unsuitable, inculcating correct behavioral values and encouraging respect for other road users. The prison curriculum must seek a re-education aim accompanied by programs or measures aimed at identifying and addressing the causes that are in the genesis of particular crimes(Inciardi, 2010). Effects of Imprisonment When a person is admitted to a prison institution he is going to suffer a traumatic experience that will inevitably alter his emotional state. This phenomenon has been studied over time by many researchers and has been called in different ways among them "jail", prison effect, and has even been described as a process of mourning for the loss of freedom. It is usual that, when relatives withdraw from the prison, the prisoner's state of mind subsides. The interns are well aware of this depressive problem they call the term "jail". The daily life of the prisoner is brutal (Hartnett, Novek and Wood, n.d.). Everyday life, which was outside before imprisonment, has died and what follows is mourning. A duel that the prisoners describe as "death in life",a prolonged period of depression, apathy, anguish and rebellion. How to cope with loss and withstand the anguish of this new reality that cannot even be constituted as such for the person? Imperceptibly, defense mechanisms will be put in place to provide some form of self-protection. The most usual are the denials: "I will not ask to be brought clothes because I leave in two days"; the rationalizations: and the projections: what do I do here surrounded by delinquents? Later they describe the stages of mourning for offenders in seclusion between the emotional shock "The first reaction is unbelief. Subsequently, the aggressiveness, the rebellion. Manipulation is what characterizes the third stage, in which attempts at negotiation to achieve freedom, pressure on relatives, lawyers, etc. begin(Samaha, 2006). Depression and, with it, a sense of guilt, especially in relation to the children and the family, take over the women prisoners, who fall into apathy, sleep all day or resort to drugs. People entering a penitentiary will find themselves in an environment characterized by emotional isolation, permanent vigilance, lack of intimacy, routine, repeated frustrations and a new scale of values that, among other things, conditions interpersonal relationships based in the distrust and the aggressiveness. These subject the prisoner to an emotional overload that will facilitate the appearance of mismatches in their behavior at best, if not the manifestation of frankly pathological behavior, especially if previously there was already an unbalanced personality, at the time of entry into prison The entry into the jail initiates a process of adaptation to the penitentiary environment, which many psychologists call prisonizatin and that is divided in three levels of affectation, the first consists basically in a regressive behavior, immature, anxious and unstable from the point of view affective as a response to entry to a Total Institution such as jail. In the case of an adaptive failure, a second stage would lead to real behavioral disorders, mainly marked by aggressive behavior, the appearance of depressive affective deterioration or the presence of episodes related to anxiety disorders in different manifestations, either traumatizing or in the form of acute anxious episodes (Hartnett, Novek and Wood, n.d.). At a third level of this process of deterioration, severe mental pathology will appear, with psychotic outbreaks, severe affective disorders, abnormal experiential reactions or serious anxiety crisis and mal adaptation to the prison, which would advise the inmate's hos pitalization(Merino, 2013). Achievements of imprisonment from other modes of punishment Imprisonments serve the following purpose as compared to other forms of correction; Punish-It is clear that society must have an order, which cannot be chaotic or anarchic, and that is why the criminal system has a fundamental function. But there is no single study that shows that prisons help to reduce crimes(Parmelee, 2011). In contrast, investigations by the Brennan Center for Justice, for example, have shown that once a criminal has committed a minor offense he is more likely to commit serious offenses. This is even more likely when the inmate is not given a humane but degrading treatment, because the prison institution is shifting from its rehabilitation function to focusing on punishment (Meade, n.d.). That is when prisons are assimilated to hell. Something that is usually forgotten in societies where human rights are permanently violated: once a prisoner enters a country's prison system, the government has an obligation to take care of it, to help maintain its dignity. The reverse is a crime. The proportion of suicides within prisons is much higher than that outside prisons. What accounts for this difference? The fact that a person is in social isolation generates a series of effects. If to this we add that it is about penitentiary isolation this is exaggerated even more(Conklin, 2013). Humans to build 'our self' need social interaction. By not having it, we stop being feedback and rebuild our identity, since this identity is built through interaction. Therefore we will see very fast the effects at physiological level: less memory capacity, mental agility, concentration. In isolation this is accentuated much more and if it exceeds 15 days, they generate sequels that can become permanent(Parmelee, 2011). The effects are devastating right away because it generates a social disconnection and a very large social isolation, without interpersonal contact, that can bring consequences such as psychotic disorders, schizophrenia, more isolated personalities, paranoias (Meade, n.d.) . There are many studies on how an inclusive, positive environ ment that reinforces social development can prevent and mitigate the effects of mental disorders. The same thing happens when there is a deprivation. Isolation creates conditions that can precipitate mental disorders. The psychological damage is always, however, the type of damage and the degree of affectation and will depend on other factors such as the length of stay, whether the person suffers oppressive techniques or torture and also individual factors. Consequences of abolishing the prison system Prisons or prisons are institutions authorized by the government to imprison and isolate from society those individuals who have disobeyed the law. Prisoners are locked up and deprived of their liberty for months, years and, in some cases, their whole lives(Conklin, 2013). Social: family problems, social and labor isolation, social learning problems, skills to relate to others and stigmatization. Especially this last element is determinant in the learning of new habits when leaving the prison; a strongly stigmatized person will hardly find work and will be marginalized at an informal level (Meade, n.d.). Biological: deprivation of liberty can cause an increase in the instinct of attack by not being able to flee. It also causes problems of sexual or sensory deprivation problems (vision, hearing, ...). On the other hand, at certain ages a state of clear isolation can cause serious alterations of the development, although this does not happen in the prisons of the democratic states Psychological: Psychological effects are a reality for inmates with problems of self-esteem, drug use, anxiety, learned helplessness, dependency, etc. In addition, if used for many days in a row, the isolation cells involve a deficit of sensory stimulation which in other contexts has been found to be extremely harmful and which can generate the broth to cause psychiatric disorders. Conclusion Prisoners are deprived of their liberty. The situation they live and the behavioral deprivation to which they are subjected make their stay in prison causes different physical and psychological consequences at several levels (Meade, n.d.). Finally, acceptance is, in general, very difficult for these women who in what we observe seem to go through the first four stages repeatedly. References Chin, V., Brown, R., Dandurand, Y. and McAskill, E. (2010). Handbook for prison leaders. New York: United Nations. Hartnett, S., Novek, E. and Wood, J. (n.d.). Working For Justice. Conklin, J. (2013).Criminology. Boston: Pearson. Inciardi, J. (2010).Criminal justice. Boston: McGraw-Hill Higher Education. Merino, N. (2013).Criminal justice. Farmington Hills, MI: Greenhaven Press. Meade, B. (n.d.). Moral communities and jailhouse religion Parmelee, M. (2011).Criminology. New York, NY: Barnes Noble Digital Library. Samaha, J. (2006).Criminal justice. Belmont, CA: Thomson/Wadsworth.