The Yellow Wallpaper Quotes About Madness

'The Yellow Wallpaper' Quotes About Madness In The Yellow Wallpaper, by Charlotte Perkins Gilman, a short story, the storyteller is secluded in her room, where shes illegal from intuition, composing or perusing. The champion has been told shes unwell and that this confinement will be beneficial for her. Shockingly, it in the end prompts her loss of mental stability. Gilmans story is a purposeful anecdote for how ladies werent paid attention to by the clinical business, which exacerbated their issues. Her courageous women moderate plummet into frenzy should be suggestive of how a harsh society stiflesâ women. The yellow backdrop which can be viewed as an image for society keeps on developing wild in the courageous women creative mind until shes caught in a bloomed jail. The story is mainstream in Womens Studies classes and viewed as one of the first Feministâ stories. Its an unquestionable requirement read for any admirer of American or Feminist writing. Here are a couple of statements from the story.â The Yellow Wallpaper Quotes The shading is repellent, practically loathsome: a seething unclean yellow, oddly blurred by the moderate turning daylight.- Charlotte Perkins Gilman, The Yellow Wallpaper This backdrop has a sort of subpattern in an alternate shade, an especially aggravating one, for you can just observe it in specific lights, and not unmistakably at that point.- Charlotte Perkins Gilman, The Yellow Wallpaper Im getting extremely enamored with the room disregarding the backdrop. Maybe on account of the backdrop.- Charlotte Perkins Gilman, The Yellow Wallpaper There are things in that backdrop that no one thinks about yet me, or ever will.- Charlotte Perkins Gilman, The Yellow Wallpaper You think you have aced it, yet similarly as you get well going in following, it turns a back-somersault and there you are. It smacks you in the face, wrecks you, and stomps on upon you.- Charlotte Perkins Gilman, The Yellow Wallpaper It becomes bars! The outside example, I mean, and the ladies behind it is as plain as anyone might imagine. I didnt acknowledge for quite a while what the thing was that appeared behind, that diminish sub-design, yet now I am very certain it is a lady. By sunlight, she is quelled, calm. I extravagant the example keeps her so still.- Charlotte Perkins Gilman, The Yellow Wallpaper Through observing such a great amount around evening time, when it changes thus, I have at long last discovered. The front example does move-and no big surprise! The lady behind shakes it!- Charlotte Perkins Gilman, The Yellow Wallpaper For outside you need to crawl on the ground, and everything is green rather than yellow. However, here I can crawl easily on the floor, and my shoulder just fits in that long kiss around the divider, so I can't lose my direction.- Charlotte Perkins Gilman, The Yellow Wallpaper

The impact of ozone depletion Free Essays

string(132) recover on the grounds that it will in general chop down the arrangement of such mists that interface with gases in the feeling to destruct the ozone. The ozone is a slim bed of triatomic O particles situated inside the atmosphere which is equipped for engrossing lethal UV ( UV ) radiation from the Sun. Ozone happens obviously inside the stratosphere, and it represents roughly 90 % of the whole ozone atoms in the mood, contrasted with the tropospheric ozone which shapes a significant air contamination and narratives for only10 % . Ozone bed in the environment stretches out vertically up to about 50Km, and there are around 12,000 ozone atoms for every 1 billion particles of air, while less measure exist in the troposphere of around 20-100 particles for every billion atoms of air. We will compose a custom exposition test on The effect of ozone exhaustion or then again any comparative point just for you Request Now Stratospheric ozone is shaped through a continuous complex strategy of photochemical response influencing the parting of O particles into two O iotas by sunlight based vitality and every particle more remote joins with O atoms to deliver ozone. Since the technique is daylight dependant, more ozone is created at lower scopes due the centralization of high sun oriented radiation around the equator ; as such ozone is consistently delivered and pulverized in these mind boggling compound responses. The planetary dispersion of ozone relies upon conditions, for example, the handiness of Br and Cl in the feel, high sun powered quality and latitudinal area that favor the creation of the atoms. Without this bed, UV-B radiation when making the Earth is fit for harming works and enliven being tissues, expanding the risk of health occupations, for example, skin threatening neoplastic malady in universes each piece great as destructing both terrestrial and amphibian environments. Exhaustion of the ozone has been seen over the mature ages because of the arrival of synthetic substances into the atmosphere by universes. In 2005, researchers have watched the expansion in ozone draining substances ( ODS ) which results to the cutting of this defensive bed over Arctic and Antarctic posts by around 30 †50 % , and a planetary mean lessening of around 3 †6 % contrasted with the pre †1980 degrees. The methodology of consumption starts with the arrival of the ozone exhausting substances ( ODS ), for example, Cl and Br and CFCs ( CFCs ) to a great extent from human beginnings. These gases more remote amass into the climate for some clasp depending of their tenant occasions thus shipped to the stratosphere through opposite commixture. These non-receptive gases are more remote changed over into responsive mixes by UV radiation, so synthetic responses takes topographic point to destruct the ozone bed. At long last, these gases are shipped back to the troposph ere where they are expelled through precipitation. Atmosphere adjustment and ozone bed exhaustion are interlinked in light of the fact that ozone itself is a nursery gas and along with other ozone devouring substances, for example, Br ( Br ) and Cl ( Cl ) add to planetary warming. Along these lines any modifications in the barometrical focus and dispersion of ozone will hold significant effect on the planetary clime framework. Arrival of these ( ODS ) substances including C dioxide and CFCs has a chilling result on the stratosphere. This chilling outcome favors the substance responses in Cl and Br subsequently loaning to the arrangement of Polar Stratospheric Clouds ( PSC ) , a status that results in the exhaustion of ozone. Surveies have demonstrated that the diminishing in stratospheric ozone saw over Antarctica prompted modifications in the associations between the stratosphere and the Earth. These modifications adjust the environmental dissemination unconventionally the North Atlantic wavering ( NAO ) , which in twist has an outcome on vacillation of clime around the Atlantic. Consumption of the ozone has another significant outcome on the planetary biogeochemical rhythms which has significant result on the clime framework. Increment in the entirety UV-B changes the C mood by affecting the utilization of CO2 by workss during photosynthesis, each piece great as C stockpiling in workss tissues as biomass. Since the terrestrial biological system fills in as a net sink for C, adjustments in the total of UV radiation is equipped for upseting the photosynthetic and breath strategies which interface the environmental C and terrestrial C utilization and discharge. Inside the terrestrial biological systems, certain works species become increasingly powerless to expanded UV radiation, along these lines slice bringing down their capacity to picking up control and shop environmental C dioxide. Besides, a modification in the UV radiation builds the pace of productiveness of soil miniaturized scale creatures, for example, parasites subsequently expanding the pace of C discharge from biomass disintegration. This quickened twist around clasp of C through this strategy of introduction corruption or presentation transmutation diminishes the capacity limit of the earth as a significant C sink, as such loaning to planetary warming. Logical projections from hypothetical records recommend a significant uprooting in planetary biological systems from fridge and wetting specialist to hotter and drier conditions because of environmental change-UV connection. Another of import linkage between ozone exhaustion and clime modification is the difference in the sea life organic siphon of barometrical C dioxide into the sea underside affected by UV radiation. Hued broke down natural undertaking ( CDOM ) these days in sea-going essential producers which is utile in engrossing UV in the sea experiences introduction decoloring under higher measurement. In this manner resulting in the loss of the color and in like manner let more UV invasion into the sea and chop down the capacity of sea-going workss to fix C during photosynthesis. Plus, thermic delineation of sea Waterss happen as a result of expanded CO2 from human-actuated transmissions diminishes mid-water O around the profundity of 200-800m, which influence C utilization by the seas. This delineation sway opposite commixture of substances, for example, bromocarbons found in tropical Waterss. Affected by UV, certain ozone devouring responsive gatherings, for example, Br oxide ( BrO ) are created. On the other hand, clime modification other than impacts ozone bed consumption. This impact may either quicken or slow the ozone methodology of recuperation. Atmosphere modification prompts the development of Polar stratospheric mists around the high scopes which when traded to mid-scopes deliver more distant consumption of the ozone around such nations. Surveies have demonstrated that radiative compelling from planetary warming may help the ozone to recover in light of the fact that it will in general chop down the development of such mists that collaborate with gases in the vibe to destruct the ozone. You read The effect of ozone consumption in class Paper models Evidence was seen in the reduction in the loss of ozone over Antarctica somewhere in the range of 2001 and 2004 throughout the spring time frame. Since ozone consumption is the central reason for decline in temperature of the stratospheric ozone by about ( - 0.17 A ; deg ; C/decennary ) , expansion in the radiation of Gree n House Gases ( GHG ) into the climate will hold a warming result subsequently change by reversaling this misfortune. Responses influencing mixes of halogen are straight influenced by UV-B and clime change. Halomethane spreads ascribed to atmosphere adjustment respond with UV-B and appropriately regulate ozone handiness in the feel. Atmosphere adjustment instigated expansion in temperature animates the arrival of methyl bromide and methyl iodide from specific types of workss affected by UV radiation. In addition, clime adjustment outcome in the difference in the planetary hydrological beat by expanding the pace of precipitation and eutrophication of natural C into streams and conduits from land. Mineralisation of this natural stuff takes topographic point affected by UV to encourage discharge C into the feeling and add to planetary warming. In add-on, planetary warming brought about by human-prompted option in Nitrogen oxide ( NO ) , Carbon monoxide ( CO ) , and Methane ( CH4 ) from bush flames builds the pace of creation of ozone in the troposphere. As such planetary warming may expand the aggregate of pressurized canned products these days in the vibe which later influences the pace of ozone photolysis by around 6-11 % . Other regular variables loaning to atmosphere adjustment, for example, volcanic ejection and vacillation in sun-spot movement influence ozone bed consumption. Since ozone exhaustion in the stratosphere is shaped affected by sunlight based vitality, any expansion in the whole of radiation originating from the Sun will expand the total of ozone in the feeling. Variety in the 11-year Sun topographic point action demonstrate a found out expansion and reducing in ozone focus with coordinating maximal and insignificant sun powered rhythms severally. Moreover, The Brewer-Dobson course is liable for the transport of sulfur gases from volcanic emissions into the stratosphere. The go uping development of this course transport gas from the Torrid Zones upwards while the falling region return the gases back to the troposphere in the high scopes. Volcanic emissions other than discharge sulfate gases into the feeling. These gases fundamentally chop down the pace of augmentation of occurrence radiation from the Sun and reduce the creation of ozone. Other normal factors, for example, the arrival of methyl bromide into the vibe from rice development drain the ozone and along these lines increment the invasion of UV radiation. There is a solid connection between UV radiation, C and N cycling which has a significant clime change conclusions. Increment in UV can affect the N beat through changes in the pace of natural undertaking disintegration of N fusing mixes through nitrogen captured advancement. Nitrogen mixes, for example, ammoniu

Six Personal Finance Forums You Should Join Today

Six Personal Finance Forums You Should Join Today Six Personal Finance Forums You Should Join Today Six Personal Finance Forums You Should Join TodayYou can comb through Google search results all you like looking for the perfect answer to your financial query, but sometimes it’s better to just ask another person. And if there’s no one in your life who has the answers, no worries, you can just join a personal finance forum online and ask the people there! Plus, who knows, you might end up having the perfect answer to someone else’s personal finance question.If you’re looking for an online personal finance forum, here are six that can’t be beaten.Get Rich Slowly ForumIf you need some classic personal finance advice or inspiration, then check out the Get Rich Slowly Forum (@getrichslowly). You’ll find general discussions about finance, success stories, and even a personal development section focusing on self-improvement and success strategies for everyday life. myFICO ForumThe myFICO Forum (@myfico) is a great resource for anyone looking for information about credit scores , or anything else personal finance-related. This forum covers a wide range of topics from mortgages and auto loans to rebuilding your credit and advice on bankruptcy. And if you don’t find what you’re looking for, check out the myFICO blog! BiggerPockets ForumThe The BiggerPockets Forum (@BiggerPockets) has over 12,000 posts and over 1,000 discussions about all things personal finance. According to BiggerPockets, “The personal finance forum is for the discussion of issues revolving around personal finance, including other non-real estate investments such as stocks, budgeting, credit, bankruptcy, saving, and retirement.”YNAB ForumIf you’re familiar with YNAB (@ynab), then you know that it stands for You Need A Budget, and it’s a popular budgeting tool used by many. What you may not know is that they also have a great forum to help answer any questions you might have about budgeting and finance!Bogleheads ForumFor anyone looking to learn a little bit more about investing, the Bogleheads Forum may be for you. Based on the teachings of Vanguard founder John Bogle, topics are geared toward teaching investing strategies and concepts, but they also offer a forum for general personal finance questions as well. If you’re new to investing, or even just considering getting started, check out the Bogleheads Forum.FatWallet ForumThe FatWallet Forum (@fatwallet) covers a multitude of topics. Basically, if it has anything to do with money or affects your wallet, you’ll probably get an answer in the FatWallet Forum. You’ll find advice on what credit card to get, the best mortgage rates from reputable lenders, and good 401k plans.What personal finance forums do you use? You can send us an email by clicking here or you can let us know on Twitter at @OppLoans!Visit OppLoans on YouTube | Facebook | Twitter | LinkedIN

E H Theory Psychology Education Is Predominantly Given...

For the first time, about ten years ago, I was introduced to Existential –Humanistic (E-H) psychology in my undergrad school in which psychology education is predominantly given based on cognitive behavioral orientation. However, many years after my graduation I read a book regarding E-H theory which was â€Å"The Courage to Create† by Rollo May. It was truly impressive and open minding book, since the way Rollo May addressed to issues was distinctive, holistic and rational. I simply grasped what Rollo May means, because the book perfectly fit in my life and respond to my questions. For example May (1975) said, â€Å"closeness requires courage, because risk is inevitable† (my translation from Turkish). In my twenties, one of my struggles was†¦show more content†¦Consequently, understanding Van Deurzen’s four dimension of existence –physical, social, personal, spiritual- (Cooper, 2003) are crucial to comprehend to human beings in a whole cli nical picture. These four dimensions in question essentially emphasis both â€Å"culture† and â€Å"self†. Therefore, E-H may facilitate to be a culturally sensitive therapist, since it points out individual and his/her environmental-cultural reality as a whole. In that manner, I also could understand why CBT does not work well in my country. Since problem focused orientation is not precisely part of my culture. In contrast of the observable problem; relationships, emotions and spirituality always come into play in the therapy process. A therapist should pay attention each of these dimensions in order to drive a therapy. In addition, I consider E-H approaches might efficiently be adapted to Non-western cultures as well. For example, some of the criticisms toward E-H are its individualistic stance and freedom of choice concept. It is accurate that these two concepts do not predominantly take place in the East cultures, however, sometimes collectivist cultural structure and social press ure could be so intense on the individuals’ shoulders, and they come to the therapy just to be heard and understood. In this way, only empathic listening, and value their personal beliefs and personality could be useful in the session. Actually this is my observation obtained from my four-year work

Essay about The Sun Also Rises by Ernest Hemingway

The epigraph to The Sun Also Rises; contains a quote from Gertrude Stein, saying: You are all a lost generation;. This proclamation is juxtaposed with the passage from the beginning of the Book of Ecclesiastes: One generation passeth away, and another generation cometh: but the earth abideth for ever;. The message of the former quote clearly conveys that the WW1 generation, of which Jake Barns, Robert Cohn, Brett Ashley and Mike Campbell are the representatives, is forever deprived of moral, emotional, spiritual and physical values. On the other hand, the latter passage gives a lot of hope: The sun also ariseth, and the sun goeth down, and hasteth to his place where he arose.; This statement, from which the title of the novel†¦show more content†¦His powerlessness to avert his mala fortuna;, about which he thinks during many sleepless nights, is implied in the prosaic remark that the war would have been best avoided;. But he did not avoid the injury that made him impotent an d he does not avoid further torment resulted from the wound. This further agony is of emotional character. Jake is in love with a vain and promiscuous woman. Brett is also a victim of the war, which has dispossessed her of dignity and self-respect. Being exposed to moral and emotional vacuum; (Spilka 84), she easily gives vent to her frustrations through living a wanton and drunken life. She attracts all the men around her and feels free to abuse them in order to satisfy her transient sexual pleasure. She declines all her post-war lovers love, claiming that being in love is hell on earth;. And for this reason she emotionally destroys her men. Jake is one of her victims, and seems to be the sinner taken by the woman, whose heart is snares and nets, and her hands as bands; (Ecclesiastes 7: 26). He admits that he never would have any trouble if he hadnt run into Brett;, because she only wanted what she couldnt have.; By saying this, Jake refers to the fact that Brett rejects him only due to his impotence. Dont touch me#8230; she said.; (#8230;) Dont you love me?; Love you? I simply turn all to jelly when you touch me.; IsntShow MoreRelatedThe Sun Also Rises By Ernest Hemingway1649 Words   |  7 PagesThe Sun Also Rises Ernest Hemingway Introduction Ernest Hemingway’s The Sun Also Rises is a classic work of American prose, and is essential to understanding the social climate of the 1920’s, and the â€Å"Lost Generation†. Hemingway’s motley cast of star-crossed lovers, rabble-rousers, expatriates, gamblers, and burgeoning alcoholics reflect the excitement, loneliness, and disillusionment experienced by Hemingway and his contemporaries. In addition, the post-war angst of young people of the time isRead MoreThe Sun Also Rises By Ernest Hemingway Essay889 Words   |  4 Pages Books are long. While â€Å"The Sun Also Rises† by Ernest Hemingway is a relatively short book, it still contains a wealth of intricate detail. In any short analysis of such a work of literature, some detail is almost assuredly lost. Hemingway has a lot to say through this story, despite his brevity with words. While not necessarily the most important elements of the book, I shall cast our focus on what Hemingway says thr ough the characters alcoholism and personal relationships. These characters haveRead MoreThe Sun Also Rises by Ernest Hemingway656 Words   |  3 PagesErnest Hemingway is an American twentieth century novelist who served in World War I. During World War I, he served as an ambulance driver for the Italian army. He wrote the novel The Sun Also Rises in Paris in the 1920s. 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Ernest Hemingway is able to keep the readers engaged throughout this novel by incorporatingRead MoreThe Sun Also Rises By Ernest Hemingway1918 Words   |  8 PagesZach Ullom Eng-125F-SO2 Dr. Les Hunter December 3, 2015 Brett Ashley: Whore or Heroine in The Sun Also Rises After a thorough reading and in-depth analyzation of Ernest Hemingway’s riveting novel The Sun Also Rises, the character of Brett Ashley may be seen in a number of different ways. While some critics such as Mimi Reisel Gladstein view Brett as a Circe or bitch-goddess, others such as Carol H. Smith see Brett as a woman who has been emotionally broken by the world around her. I tend lean towardsRead MoreThe Sun Also Rises By Ernest Hemingway1245 Words   |  5 PagesThe writer of The Sun Also Rises, Ernest Hemingway was a short story writer, journalist, and an American novelist. He produced most of his work between the nineteen twenties and nineteen fifties. One of Hemingway’s many novels, The Sun Also Rises was originally published on October 22, 1926. In the novel, The Sun Also Rises, Hemingway uses the lead female character, Lady Brett Ashley to portray the new age of women in that time period. In the beginning of the novel when Brett is introduced, sheRead MoreThe Sun Also Rises, Ernest Hemingway1101 Words   |  4 PagesIn most cases all anyone needs in life is love. But what is love? In The sun Also Rises by Ernest Hemingway we get the sad truth about what love sometimes is in the real world and in some cases alike this novel, there are many reasons in which love is lost. One of the reasons for lost love is sex. Unfortunately the sexual drive of other characters in the novel dictates whether they love each other or not. Another factor that plays a huge role of leaving love hopeless is alcohol. In this novel

Discuss the way heresy was viewed in the fifteenth century Free Essays

Intoduction Heresy is a word that people misuse when a faith differs from alternative faiths. Heresy, the word, is derived from the Greek language and is translated as meaning a ‘sect’. The word usually describes a small dissenting group who do not believe what the majority believe. We will write a custom essay sample on Discuss the way heresy was viewed in the fifteenth century? or any similar topic only for you Order Now The Catholic Church believed in baptism and any catholic who had been baptised and then went against the teachings of the Catholic Church were considered to be a heretic. Other faiths that did not practice baptism were not considered to be heretics. It is the Catholic Church that decides on heresy. A person has to be accused before the Catholic Church can judge their case. These accused are taken to the church where they will be confronted with the Catholic Church hierarchy and depending on the seriousness of the charge the pope may become involved. The heretic may have been falsely accused because of jealousy, hatred, covertness or ambitiousness; in fact the accused could find they were being judged as a heretic for any reason and by friend or foe alike. The philosopher, John Wyclif who was born in central England in 1324 taught moral philosophy at Oxford. He had a big following among the students. He was unhappy with the Catholic Church because at this time the Catholic Church was extremely rich, powerful and corrupt. He wanted the Catholic Church to be reformed with the King at the head, not the pope. He wanted the King to stop the Church tax going to the hierarchy of the Catholic Church and more religion taught by faithful clerics which in turn would make for holier peoples of England. John Wyclif went into politics as he felt that here he would get the power to make good his religious ideals. The Catholic Church was concerned about Wyclif’s ideals and his growing powers. Wyclif’s followers were becoming larger and they stopped listening to the Catholic Church and began listening to the teachings of John Wyclifs. Wyclif wanted to see the end of corruption within the Catholic Churches. When in government Wyclif was protected by a powerful nobleman, John of Gaunt, who followed Wyclifs’ ideals. John of Gaunt was unfortunately dismissed from the government in 1376 and very soon after John Wyclif was also brought up on heresy charges and was soon exiled from Oxford. â€Å"Once his protector was gone, Wyclif found himself openly attacked by people who believed his teachings were dangerous. He was brought up on charges in 1378 and again in 1381. In 1382 he was forced out of Oxford, along with a number of his adherents. He retired to Lutterworth, suffered a couple of strokes, and died in 1384.†(1) (1) Heresy in the late middle ages-Knox, www.boisestate.edu/courses/latemiddleages/heresy/01.shtml John Wyclif wanted the corruption in the Catholic Church stopped. This was what he taught and believed. He was never to see this accomplished. After his death some followers took his ideals and started the Lollardy movement. This movement was anti-Catholic Church as they believed that anyone was able to preach the word of God and be able to give communion not just a privileged Catholic clergy. The Lollards also believed that anyone can be saved without the intervention of a God-given clergy. These popular ideas were, according to the Catholic Church, heresy. â€Å"What did they put in the place of the institutional church? Like several other medieval heresies and the later Protestants, the Lollards had fundamentalist leanings. The Bible, especially the Gospel, gave humanity all knowledge necessary for salvation. They derived from their fundamentalism a hostility to what they called â€Å"superstition† — the devotion of the majority felt towards the Mass, the Blessed Virgin Mary, saints and their relics, and pilgrimage. The most common devotional practice of the Lollards was learning large parts of the Bible by heart, and repeating and discussing them with among themselves.†(2) The Lollards were not the only movement to come from John Wyclif’s ideals. Some of these movements were even more puritanical while other was more educationalists. They all read, preached and taught the New Testament of which they tried morally to live by. â€Å"Lollards were not a unified group or organization. We can identify several different groups: Wyclif’s ideas inspired a surge of religious activity in several disparate groups. The first group was made up of Oxford theologians who knew Wyclif personally and who had been convinced by his arguments, or by his zeal and sincerity. Several of these people became active preachers or propagandists of Wyclifism, at least for a few years. Some gave up during the serious repression of the 1380s A number of influential knights present at the court of Richard II, who had been exposed to Wyclif’s ideas during political debates. After the deposition of Richard II the Lollard knights diminished in number and influence. But for a decade or so they had given heretical preachers protection and encouragement. The third group was the large number of ordinary priests and laymen who were exposed to Wyclif’s ideas through the efforts of the pioneers.†(3) (2) The orb: on-line reference book of medieval studies, www.the-orb.net/textbooks/muhlberger/15c_religion.html (3) The orb: on-line reference book of medieval studies, www.the-orb.net/textbooks/muhlberger/15c_religion.html John Wyclif’s believed that Christian people should have the Bible and be able to read it for themselves. Some of his older followers translated the bible into English so all English speaking Christian people were able to read it. Along with the bible, they also translated the Latin writings of John Wyclif himself. The heresy persecutions in England were slow and disorganized unlike those persecuted on the continent. The writings of John Wycliff saved the Lollardy from prosecution. In 1382 Wyclif’s ideals were attacked by the Archbishop of Canterbury at the Oxford Church Council. It was not until 1401 when Henry 1V passed the De heretico comburendo statute which allowed for the burning of heretics, that the Lollardy movement lost many powerful and upper-class followers. This was a time when heretics both in England and on the continent were hounded, captured, tortured and the burned at the stake. It became a time of fear especially for those out-with the Catholic Church. It was Pope Gregory 1X who ordered that convicted heretics were to be burned. This had been a normal occurrence on the continent since 1224 but only became prevalent in England in the 15th Century. â€Å"Gregory also mandated that heretics be sought out and tried before a church court. For this purpose, he first appointed special inquisitors (for example, Conrad of Marburg in Germany and Robert le Bougre in Burgundy) and later entrusted the task to members of the newly established Dominican and Franciscan Orders of friars. The independent authority of the inquisitors was a frequent cause of friction with the local clergy and bishops.†(4) â€Å"The Inquisition was a medieval church court instituted to seek out and prosecute heretics. The term is applied to the institution itself, which was episcopal or papal, regional or local; to the personnel of the tribunal; and to the judicial procedure followed by the court. Notoriously harsh in its procedures, the Inquisition was defended during the Middle Ages by appeal to biblical practices and to the church father Saint Augustine, who had interpreted Luke 14:23 as endorsing the use of force against heretics.†(5) When Pope Innocent V111 issued the papal Bull, Summis desiderantes, in 1484 against heresy and witchcraft, this was because of the evidences found by the Inquisition that witchcraft went along with heresy. Those who were prosecuted for witchcraft and heresy had to be made to confess their sins. This was done through torture. These confessions were the evidences that the crime of heresy and witchcraft went hand to hand and it was evident that it was spreading quickly through-out the Catholic world. (4) The inquisition, www.thenazareneway.com/inquisition.htm (5) The inquisition, www.thenazareneway.com/inquisition.htm â€Å"At the beginning of the interrogation, which was recorded summarily in Latin by a clerk, suspects and witnesses had to swear under oath that they would reveal everything. Unwillingness to take the oath was interpreted as a sign of adherence to heresy. . . . In more severe cases the wearing of a yellow â€Å"cross of infamy,† with its resulting social ostracism, or imprisonment could be imposed. Denial of the charges without counterproof, obstinate refusal to confess, and persistence in the heresy resulted in the most severe punishments: life imprisonment or execution accompanied by total confiscation of property. Since the church was not permitted to shed blood, the sentenced heretic was surrendered to the secular authorities for execution, usually by burning at the stake.†(6) During this time the papal Inquisition saw the rise in executions of witches while the crime of heresy had become much less. Witches and sorcerers had become the new heretics. Whereas a heretic had to be accused and brought before the hierarchy of the Catholic Church to be judged by a God-given cleric, this was true also of a witch or a sorcerer. If an accused was found guilty of being a witch or sorcerer then instead of being exiled or excommunicated they were burned or executed in another way. This was a time of fear and suspicion within most societies both in England and on the continent. â€Å"The number of witches and sorcerers burned after the late 15th century appears to have been far greater than that of heretics.†(7) In fifteenth century Spain the Catholic Church was extremely powerful but this power was also held by those of the Jewish faith. The crime of heresy was few and far between so when the Spanish Inquisition was organized by the Catholic Church it was for a different purpose of that of the papal Inquisition. The Catholic Church wanted to replace the Jewish influences at the royal court and within the ruling classes of Spain. The people of Spain were extremely religious and were greatly influenced by the God-given right of the Catholic Clergy who they believed were chosen by God to do His bidding. The Spanish Inquisition went on, not only to persecute Jewish people but they hunted down any person who went against the Catholic Religion and teachings. The Spanish Inquisition brought about the hatred of all things Jewish. â€Å"The Spanish Inquisition was created to deal with convert Jews. During the middle ages the Jews had secured a prominent place in the political and economic life of Spain, and had established themselves in many professions, even as royal counsellors. Their success and prosperity aroused resentment in many people and from the fourteenth century onwards there was a dangerous and irrational hatred of them which erupted at times into violence, like the massacres of 1391.†(8) (6) The inquisition, www.thenazareneway.com/inquisition.htm (7) The inquisition, www.thenazareneway.com/inquisition.htm (8) The inquisition, www.thenazareneway.com/inquisition.htm Before the fifteenth century heresy was a crime against the teachings of the Catholic Church. The Catholic Church at this time was extremely rich and powerful. Far more powerful than the King of England and the royal heads of Europe. It is a sad reflection therefore that with this power comes also great corruption. The doctrine of the Catholic Church maintained that the laity were to be guided by the hierarchy of the Catholic Church and that this hierarchy was given the right to rule over them by God. Heresy is practised both in England and the continent during all of the fifthteenth century when break-away groups from the Catholic Church begin to question their doctrine. Educationalists begin to question the methods and teachings of the Catholic Church to the Christian believes and faith. The Catholic Church in England begins to fear an uprising of working and middle-class people and so the King passes a law in 1401 to allow for the burning of heretics and witches. It is believed that witches and sorcerers have become so abundant that the Catholic Church needs help from the pope to hunt them down and destroy them. This information comes from the papal Inquisition and is unreliable. The evidences that have been acquired have come from people who have been tortured and forced to give confession.The crime of heresy has now become entangled with witches. Society has now become so fearful that people are unable to trust each other but as people become able to read a bible morality is spread. BIBLIOGRAPHY Quotes (1) Heresy in the late middle ages-Knox, www.boisestate.edu/courses/latemiddleages/heresy/01.shtml (March 19 2011, 10.15am) (2),(3) The orb: on-line reference book of medieval studies, www.the-orb.net/textbooks/muhlberger/15c_religion.html (March 19 2011, 10.17am) (4), (5), (6), (7), (8) the inquisition, www.thenazareneway.com/inquisition.htm (March 19 2011, 10.20am) References Clio History Journal- Changing views of Witchcraft in canon Law, cliojournal.wikispaces.com/changing+views+of+witchcraft+in+canon+law (March 19 2011, 10.30am) Crompton. James, Leicestershire Llollards, www.le.ac.uk/lahs/downloads/lollardssmpagesfromvolumeXLIV-3.pdf (March 19 2011, 10.35am) Heresy in the late middle ages-Knox, www.boisestate.edu/courses/latemiddleages/heresy/01.shtml (March 19 2011, 10.15am) The orb: on-line reference book of medieval studies, www.the-orb.net/textbooks/muhlberger/15c_religion.html (March 19 2011, 10.17am) The inquisition, www.thenazareneway.com/inquisition.htm (March 19 2011, 10.20am) The Great Heresies, www.catholic.com/library/greatheresies.asp (March 19 2011, 10.10am) The Spanish Inquisition, www.pamphlets.org.au/england/h0445.html (March 19 2011, 10.12am) www.historyworld.net/wrldhis/plainTextHistories.asp How to cite Discuss the way heresy was viewed in the fifteenth century?, Essay examples

Like Water For Chocolate Essay Essay Example

Like Water For Chocolate Essay Essay I suggest that the soup has made her feel like a baby again given that while she is still in her mom’s belly she cries very hard when onions are chopped and it suggest the impact of food to Tita. After drinking the soup Tita has miraculously recovered from the loss of pigeons which she kept as pet and that triggered her sense of loosing Pedro and R erself to cook she fell in love with it and got a part time job as an assistant to a cooking teacher.Even though she has a lack of precision she was hired because she wasn’t afraid to fail and has a passion to cook unlike the others and getting hired made her feel confident, hence gaining control of life through cooking. The protagonist, Tita in Like Water for Chocolate gains control through cooking as well. Cooking is the only thing Tita love to do because Mama Elena bans her from doing a lot of things; the kitchen is the area where she can retreat from Mama Elena’s demands. When she cooked quail in rose petal sauce s he controlled and triggered a lot of peoples emotion.Her sister Gertrudis was the first on affected by the dish, it aroused her sexual desire. She fled naked from her burning shower and when on a horse, galloping away with a soldier. Another incident where she gained control is the Chabela wedding cake she made for her lover Pedro and Rosaura. Even though she couldn’t stop the wedding, she made everyone cry. She made people cry for her tragic experience not only the guests cried, Mama Elena cried as well. She lost control of her life but through cooking she gain control of people’s emotions.In Like Water for Chocolate, food is not just a nutrition it acts as a very important nurturing role. The ox-tail soup Dr. John gave Tita has recalled the best moments of her life and brought back memories of her and Nacha making ox-tail soup together, chopping onions. It suggests that the soup has made her feel like a baby again given that while she is still in her mom’s bel ly she cries very hard when onions are chopped and it suggest the impact of food to Tita. After drinking t

Family Constellations And The Collective Unconscious Essays

Family Constellations And The Collective Unconscious Essays Family Constellations And The Collective Unconscious Essay Family Constellations And The Collective Unconscious Essay Family Constellations And The Collective Unconscious Family Constellations and the Collective Unconscious Although many psychological and psychiatric theories abound, depending on what school a person adopts, most of the theories pretty much originate from a specific source and branch from there. This is true, especially when it comes to family dynamics. In trying to fathom emotions of the modern family of today, Bert Hellinger, in his book ?Love?s Hidden Symmetry,? has come up with certain conclusions about why we react the way we do, and namely, it is so we fit in with our family group more effectively. Yet it can be said that Hellinger is not necessarily the first to have brought up this theory. Carl Jung, Sigmund Freud?s protege, came up with some similar dynamics, but instead of addressing these dynamics as the ?family constellation,? as Hellinger calls it, Jung tagged it the ?collective unconscious.? Although these two mental health experts lived a century apart, their theories both have many similarities. In this paper, I will try to identify both of the theories, then compare and contrast them with one another. Finally, I will place my personal thoughts and experiences explaining how this has touched my own life. In his book, Hellinger puts forward that people generally behave the : hellinger, family, 2002, unconscious, jung, mccarthy, collective, parents, love, , child, theory, member, theories, own, much, control, children, way, order, one, necessarily, individual, idea, hellinger?s, constellations, both, in, toward, rather, personal, part, orders, motivations, members, forces

The Story of The Architecture Student in Denmark [Interview]

The Story of The Architecture Student in Denmark [Interview] September is the Study Month, not only in colleges, but on our blog too. Thats why we will dedicate our posts to the topics of studying, namely the issue of studying abroad. We have already published the interview with Judy Su a graphic design student who studied in Copenhagen. Today, we have the interview with another student - Ellen Wall - who has also made use of study abroad program and went to Denmark to study architecture. Before the interview, Ellen confessed that she loves to tell about her time in Denmark. Thats why she told us a lot of details about people, food, education, surprises and disappointments. As Ellen was also in a DIS ( Danish Institute for Study Abroad ) program we did not ask her questions about application process, and went straight to the questions about studying. What specific classes did you take? There were 4 classes: Interior Architecture Studio, European Storytelling, Danish Language and Culture, and 20th 21st Century Danish Architecture Please, tell more about your Danish language learning. Was it complicated for you? I am so glad I decided to take a Danish class while I was in Denmark. Even though the majority of Danes speak flawless English, being able to understand even a little bit made me feel so much more a part of the culture. I could read signs, I knew what I was looking at in the grocery store, I often caught and understood snippets of conversation at the dinner table. The Danes are just so proud of their country and their culture the language is a big part of that. It ended up being my favorite class at DIS. I learned so much about the Danes just by learning how to interact with them. What interesting assignments or projects on architecture did you get? I have seen many, many non-touristy places and buildings because of the field studies and projects I had with my classes. In my studio, we got the assignment to design a space in a very old building near to the parliament building, Christiansborg. We did small group critiques to talk about our conceptual and initial structural ideas. How was your project work organized? Was there anything specific about studying environment? Something that would apply to future study abroad students is that the Danish school system relies heavily on the benefits of group work. Most projects are done in groups and there is a lot of large or small group discussion and peer critique. I found this to be a great way to learn. There was definitely more of a collaborative feel to all of the classes and I benefited from the sharing of ideas with others. The other side of that is that not everybody learns this way, some individuals might be more successful on their own. Did you get complicated writing assignments? Tell about some of them. At DIS I studied in the Interior Architecture program. That being said, I didnt have too many difficult writing assignments. I did take a class called European Storytelling where I was asked to write a research paper. The prompt was very vague; we were able to write about anything at all that we had discussed in class. It was extremely open ended which I found to be a big challenge. I was also an Official Student Blogger for DIS. This was an ongoing volunteer project that I did for my Danish school. My blog entries were posted on the DIS webpage and I received a lot of traffic from prospective students and other people all over the world. Blogging for DIS is where I discovered my love for writing. Have you ever missed assignment deadlines while studying abroad? What is the college policy regarding missed deadlines there? I did not miss any assignments while abroad that I can recall. The missed assignments policy was left up to the instructors for the courses. Some of my instructors would accept late assignments and others did not. What did you like about Danish educational system in general? In general, what I like about the Danish school system is that school is free for everyone through the university level (and university students receive a monthly stipend from the government). Another positive is that the learning environment is an equal playing field. The instructors are all called by their first names and questions are encouraged. It feels less strict or structured than many of the classroom environments I have been a part of the the States. How would you describe your studying experience in several words? I had a unique experience because my school, DIS is a school specific to study abroad students, but most of the classes are taught by Danish instructors. In addition, I also learned a lot about the Danish school system because I took a Danish language and culture class and I lived with a family who had kids in the school system. How did you manage to balance studying and traveling? The benefit of DIS is that there are specifically designated travel weeks. A semester student at DIS has two separate weeks off from school for personal travel/or break from school in addition to two study tours with the core course class, one lasting a week and one lasting a half a week. This made balancing travel and study much simpler because I found that I had enough time for traveling outside of school. There were many students who liked to go on weekend trips. I didnt really do that. I was much happier spending my weekends at home with my host family and seeing what it is that Denmark has to offer rather than constantly leaving to see all of Europe. I didnt want to leave Denmark only to realize I hadnt seen any of it. I did, in general, have a difficult time balancing school work and everything else that goes with study abroad. I had to decide on my priorities while I was there. For me, the struggle was balancing time with my host family and time spent on school. So, you stayed with a host family. What was it like for an American student to live with Danish family? I was so nervous to meet them. I wondered if they would like me and what it would be like to live in the home of strangers. But I remember that upon meeting them and even in the very moments before I met them, walking down a hallway and seeing them at the end, waiting for me with big smiles, that I relaxed almost instantly. They were unfailingly kind and generous, curious and interested, fun and happy people. I was welcomed into their home and things fell into place quickly. I found it so much easier to learn about Danes and their culture and especially their language than I would had I not lived with a host family. My ten year old host brother and I became the best of buds. I learned so much from him and not a day does by that I dont think of him. Many of my favorite memories were things that happened with my host family and I genuinely cant imagine my study abroad experience without each and every one of them. How would you describe Danish people in general? Danes are very private people. At least in public settings. They dont small talk, they dont smile at passersby on the street, they have whisper-quiet conversations on public transportation (if they even converse at all). Theres no fear of anybody you dont know trying to make unwanted conversation in a public place. How did you feel about such cultural difference? Of course that goes two ways. It makes Danes very difficult to meet; they stick by the people they know. Its unlikely that one might make Danish friends by approaching them in a grocery store, at the bank, or on the train. To many Americans, this demeanor passes for rude because we are so used to an extreme, exaggerated politeness. This isnt to say that Danes dont care, in fact you might say they care more. If someone asks a Dane how are you they give the real answer and dont just say good. Was it a problem for you to meet new people in Copenhagen? The first time someone accidentally bumps into you and doesnt really apologize is off-putting. The first time you sit on a bus and someone is forced to sit next to you because its the only seat left and suddenly moves when an empty pair of seats opens up elsewhere is a little awkward. But the Danes make up for this by being genuinely warm, kind-hearted, curious people when you get to know them. I found that in more private settings, Danes are extremely curious. The dislike of small talk just meant that the Danes I spoke with typically skipped the polite get-to-know-you questions and jumped right into pressing questions about American politics or media or culture. It made for more meaningful conversation. What was your biggest disappointment during semester abroad? My biggest disappointment was only that I couldnt stay longer. I had such a wonderful time, I was very sad to leave. Of course there were day-to-day disappointments. Not everything is a wonderful, fantastic, awesome, cool, Danish, traveling moment. Sometimes I was sick, or sometimes I wasnt able to see or take part in something I was hoping to, or sometimes I missed dinner with my host family (often the best part of my day). But those disappointments are so on par with daily life that Ive mostly forgotten them by now. All I regret is the time I didnt spend with my Danish family, the things in Denmark that I never got to see, and the experiences I wasnt able to have because of a lack of time or because it was the wrong time of the year. Name your top Copenhagen memories. Showing off Denmark to my family. My family my mom, dad, and older sister came to visit me in Denmark towards the end of my semester. As I dragged them around Copenhagen to see all the important sights and buildings and museums, I realized how much I had learned about Denmark and about Danes in just a few months. I learned my way around a new city that was absolutely foreign to me, I learned parts of a new language, I learned history and music. I mastered the transportation system. It was so exciting to share with my family the country that I had fallen in love with both instantly upon arrival and gradually more and more each passing day. Another one is being mistaken for a Dane! The Danes are an exclusive bunch of people. They are very proud to be Danish. They are also model-beautiful. So the first time I was mistaken for a Dane was kind of a rush. It happened several times over the course of my semester. Sometimes it was another Dane asking a question about the train. Sometimes it was a lost tourist asking for directions. But every time, and especially the first time, it was like an acknowledgment that I was fitting in, that I was doing okay, that I wasnt out of place or unwanted. At least, thats what if felt like to me. Which Danish food would you recommend to try? The pastries are divine. What is interesting about the whole pastry situation is that you cant get a Danish. What Americans refer to as a Danish does not exist in Denmark. But pastries, or weinerbrà ¸d in Danish, are a work of culinary art. They are visually appealing and delicious. Laukagehuset (a popular Danish pastry chain) (pronounced lau-kay-hoo-set) is around every corner and tempts the taste buds everywhere you go. The best life lesson learnt in Copenhagen I learned a lot while I studied abroad, but the majority of it was not factual or school-related. It was a period of time in which I did a lot of personal, individual learning about myself and what is important to me. The biggest life lesson I learned is that I should never force myself to do things that dont make me happy. I dont want to say that I learned life is short, but rather that I learned and realized how valuable my time is. Being in Denmark helped me to understand what makes me happy as a human being. It slowly dawned on me that I never wanted to spend one second doing something that I hate because I dont want to regret it when Im 90. In the grand scheme of things, this is not plausible. Of course Ill have to do things that I dont like every once in a while. But while I was in Denmark I was working on discovering what it is that I truly love and now I try to spend more of my time doing those things. What helps students succeed when studying abroad? Please, share some tips To succeed when studying abroad, get involved! Try to integrate into the culture as much as possible. Live with a host family, learn the language, join a club, meet young natives, take classes with an emphasis on the history or culture of the country, participate in cultural traditions with friends or host family members, listen to the countrys music. Really, really try to experience everything the country has to offer. Do things the way the native people do things, even if you feel like your way might be better or faster. Try everything. Learn about everything. Keep an open mind, you never know what you might like. Thanks Ellen! We are sure these great tips will help anyone to get the most of their study abroad experience! If you would like to learn more about Ellen Wall and her Denmark life, you are welcome to ask questions as well as sharing your thoughts in the comments below.

Philosphy of Nursing Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Philosphy of Nursing - Assignment Example America, England, Australia, Germany like countries are severely affected by the shortage of healthcare professionals especially nurses. As per the July/August 2009 statistics, despite the current easing of the nursing shortage due to the recession, the U.S. nursing shortage is projected to grow to 260,000 registered nurses by 2025 (Nursing Shortage Resource, 2009). In short the demand for the qualified nurses is immense irrespective of the recession or economic problems. Nobody wants to put their life in jeopardy. Even though the demand was huge, availability of qualified nurses with the right outlook or frame of mind is less which forced me to select nursing as my profession. This paper briefly explains my nursing philosophy. Nursing boundaries, first addressed by Florence Nightingale, are referred to in the â€Å"Nightingale Pledge† used in pinning ceremonies which teaches the nurses to devote themselves to the welfare of those committed to their care† all refer to standards or boundaries relating to their duties and responsibilities as nurses (Holder & Schenthal, 2007). My personal philosophy of nursing revolves around the above pledge. Nursing is always a profession which attracted me even from my childhood. I am really a sensitive person who always keeps a strong concern about the sick and needy people. Keeping high levels of values and ethical standards is necessary in all professions, especially in nursing profession. Morality and ethical values are diminishing from the current professional world day by day and nursing profession is also not an exception. The absence of values and ethical standards in nursing professional has created lot of problems in providing good healthcare services to patients. Florence Nightingale and Mother Teresa like noble personalities are rarely appearing in the world. The story of Florence Nightingale and Mother

Land Law solve the problem with Sunnydale Cottage Essay

Land Law solve the problem with Sunnydale Cottage - Essay Example †¢In May 2006, Charlotte went abroad for a few months on holiday. She sent post cards to each of the other inhabitants of Sunnydale Cottage saying that she had met Costas, a Greek waiter, and wanted to marry him. Accordingly, she notified them all that â€Å"My one fifth share in Sunnydale Cottage is to be ring-fenced and should anything happen to me Costas is to get it.† The postcard to Barbara was lost in the post and never delivered. Charlotte has tried of Costas and has now returned to live in Sunnydale Cottage. The TLATA avoids this problem as there is no duty to sell under a trust of land, merely a power of sale. All land subject to a trust will be held on a "trust of land" (TLATA s 1). Existing settlements are excluded, but land already held on express or implied trusts for sale are included within the provision. Although it is still possible to create express trusts for sale, as a subset of the trust of land, this will rarely be appropriate for domestic situations, and even here the power to postpone sale cannot be excluded. This means that there is no longer a problem posed by an imperative duty to sell, in situations where that was the last thing intended. One of the most important features of the TLATA is the nature of the trust of land. No longer is there a duty on the trustees to sell the land, there is simply a power to do so if desired. This perhaps reflects the fact that the reasons why trusts are set up nowadays are not the same as in 1925. The trustees of land, when exercising any function relating to the land subject of the trust, are now under a duty (as far as practicable) to consult with beneficiaries of full age and beneficially entitled to an interest in possession in the land. They must give effect to the wishes of those beneficiaries, so far as they are consistent with the general interest of the trust. If there is a dispute among the

Technological Advances vs. Human Values in Slaughterhouse-Five and Waiting for Godot :: comparison compare contrast essays

Technological Advances vs. Human Values Technological advances occur all around, whizzing by, while human values change little and at a much slower pace. Commercially bottled water stands as just one of a sundry of items that human technology has conjured up over the years. It seems as though the average person can not go through a day without seeing a symbol of this phenomenon, whether it is a vending machine, an empty container lying in the gutter, or a person clutching a plastic bottle in their hand. Also an ever-present technological advance is the cellular phone, "can you here me now?" It is almost a guarantee that during the course of a class period, a ringtone or the buzzing of the vibrating mode will shake the air. Human nature exists right along side its technology. Kurt Vonnegut and Samuel Beckett use their writings to illustrate what needs to be a part of human existence besides human values and technology. For all of the newfangled contributions to the modernization of human civilization, the values that humans live by have not progressed quite as swiftly. Technological advances occur all around, whizzing by, wh ile human values change little and at a much slower pace. Billy Pilgrim, Kurt Vonnegut's main Slaughterhouse-Five character, rode through life on one of those moving sidewalk, conveyer belt contraptions. He did not make any special efforts to enhance his situation. If one were to cut and paste the novel so that the story of Billy Pilgrim's life went in chronological order, it would become apparent that he merely lived his life. The world still moved around him, war, fire-bombing, the progression of the television set, but Billy took a passive role in his own existence. Billy Pilgrim stays the same humdrum being his entire life. Vonnegut used the repetition of Billy's life and phrases such as "Somewhere a big dig barked" to exhibit how some things just do not change (168). He points out that the people in the novel "are so sick and so much the listless playthings of enormous forces" (164). Billy knows that he is going to die anyway, regardless of what he does or does not do, and he plainly wants to remain unscathed during his jour ney. Vonnegut used this publication as a vehicle to show that it is not enough to live a life to its end, the approach that Billy employed.

Spanish Culture

Spain is a very geographic diverse country, ranging from deserts, beaches, and mountains. Spain is deeply rooted in tradition due to the many outside influences throughout time. Spain is the third largest country in Europe. Spain became part of NATO, and then joined the European Union in 1986. After this the economy of Spain increased significantly, placing Spain firmly on the Western economy map and gained major trading partners. The country is a highly developed and stable democracy. Spanish Family Values   The family is the basis of the social structure and includes both the nuclear and the extended family, which sometimes provides both a social and a financial support network. .Today, it is less common than previously for family members to work in a family business, as personal preferences are important and university education is general . The structure and the size of the family vary, but generally, people live until longer lives, have fewer children than before, and fewer pe ople live in their homes with extended family.   Familial networks have become less tight. The greatest changes have occurred inside families, between men and woman, and the parents and children because the values that inspire these relations have changed. Religion in Spain The majority of Spaniards are formally Roman Catholic, although different religious beliefs are accepted. During the history of Spain, there have been long periods of where different religious groups have coexisted, including Muslims, Jews and Christians.Still some traditions manifest more like a cultural event than a religious one. During Holy Week, many participants of the processions wear peaked, black hats as the sign of a penitent and walk barefoot, carrying a burden of some kind. Religious history is apparent in every small town, where the most grandiose building is typically the church. In the large cities the Cathedrals are almost museums. Bussines – Key concepts and values Face – Spanish culture places a large emphasis on personal pride.Therefore, causing loss of face through criticism or embarrassment should be avoided at all costs. During business meetings, for example, it is essential that your presentations are comprehensible in order to avoid any embarrassment that may occur from possible misunderstandings. In addition, when dealing with your Spanish counterparts you may also find that competence and control are important elements of their work ethos and crucial for saving face.This may result in your Spanish colleagues insisting that everything is in order, even if it is not. Individualism – In terms of personal attributes, individualism is highly valued in Spain, along with an emphasis on character and social status. Spanish culture highlights the importance of self and one’s family. However, influenced by its collectivist past, family values, a sense of identity and belonging to a group, are also integral parts of society in Spain.Consequently personal qualities, appearance, image and personal relationships are extremely significant components in contemporary Spanish culture. In a business context, personal attributes and character are frequently valued as much as technical ability, experience or professional competence. When doing business in Spain, you will find that individualism is particularly predominant in management, where Spanish managers are less inclined to favour group decision making and team orientation.Uncertainty Avoidance – This is a vital element of Spanish culture that refers to the cautious approach the Spanish take towards new ideas. In Spain, individuals tend to avoid ambiguity, but often accept a familiar risk situation. Spain's attitudes to rules, regulations and structure are important for maintaining a sense of control in a typically uncertain situation. In business, managers in Spain generally prefer to have precise answers to questions and give precise instructions in order to reduce con flict.In addition, you may find that the Spanish amenable nature to initial business suggestions is often hindered by a considered and tentative approach to final decisions. Masculinity Vs Feminity — Machismo is the word for male dominance, and the culture of old men who created it has changed dramatically. Spain is a very equalitarian society, the birth rate is the one of the lowest in Europe, and women are present at university and work. High Context vs. Low Context –Take a look how members of high and low contextual cultures see themselves and their opposites: High Context Communication |Low Context Communication | |polite |open | |respectful |true | |integrates by similarities/harmony |integrates by authenticity | |not direct |direct | |High Context claims Low Context |Low Context claims High Context | |impolite |hiding information | |â€Å"cannot read between the lines† |not trustable | |naive |arrogant | |no self discipline |too formal | |too fast |too slo w | In high context communication information can have different meanings according.It needs additional information to encode (understand). In low context communication information has only one single meaning. Spain is between High and low context communication but it is more oriented to high context. DOING BUSSINES IN SPAIN †¢ Working practices o Working hours can vary across Spain. Generally speaking, offices open at approximately 09. 00 and close mid-evening, with a two-hour break around 14. 00. However, Spanish working hours have become more â€Å"Europeanised† in recent years, particularly in the northern cities. o Business appointments should always be made well in advance in Spain and confirmation via letter or fax beforehand is advised.It is best to arrange initial business meetings for mid-morning due to the relatively unusual structure of the Spanish working day. o Punctuality is expected of foreign visitors; however, you may sometimes find your Spanish counter parts arrive up to 30 minutes late. †¢ Structure and hierarchy o Hierarchy and position are extremely significant in Spanish business culture. For this reason it is advised to work with those of equal rank rather than with someone of a lower business status. o The distinct hierarchical structure of Spanish businesses means the authority to make decisions rests with the individual in highest authority. o Subordinates are respectful of authority and are generally far removed from their superiors.Spanish business culture advocates subordinate initiative where problems are dealt with at lower levels first before approaching superiors for assistance. †¢ Working relationships o An essential part of conducting business in Spain is establishing personal contacts. Generally speaking, the Spanish prefer to do business with those they are familiar with, therefore obtaining personal contacts enables the negotiation process to advance more swiftly and successfully. o Establishing solid business relationships and building colleague rapport is a vital concept in Spanish business culture. Effective business negotiations and decisions are frequently based on trust and personal feelings, as well as concrete evidence. The Spanish close sense of personal space and animated means of expression and communication can be seen as part of this emotion directed culture.†¢ Business practices o The decision-making process in Spain is usually unhurried and can be a gradual, detailed procedure that involves consideration from various levels within the company. In this respect, maintaining good relationships with your Spanish counterparts from all positions are vital for success. o When arriving at an appointment it is advised to present your business card to the receptionist. Wherever possible, business cards should be printed in English on one side and in Spanish on the other. You should present your card with the Spanish side facing the recipient. An initial introduction at both business and social meetings generally include a formal handshake with everyone present, male and female, whilst making direct eye contact. Business etiquette (Do's and Don'ts) †¢ DO remain patient in all dealings with your Spanish counterparts.The Spanish are sometimes noted for their relaxed approach to business and Spanish bureaucracy can be frustrating. However, be wary of the ‘manana' stereotype as you will find that certainly in the northern regions such as Catalonia and the Basque Country that deadlines and punctuality are much more closely adhered to. †¢ DO try to maintain a friendly and personal atmosphere during negotiations. In order to be effective in Spain, Spanish business culture also requires a sense of self-dignity, consideration and diplomacy. DO use basic titles of courtesy, Mr, Mrs, or Miss, followed by the surname, and professional titles, such as Dr, where known. Particularly with older counterparts or those in the south of Spain. Care sho uld also be taken in using the correct surname as Spaniards have two, their father's first surname and their mother's first surname.Normally the father's surname is used on its own. †¢ DON'T expect to enter into business discussions at the start of a meeting. Your Spanish colleagues will want to establish a familiar environment on which to build new business relationships. This may include asking personal questions regarding your family life and background. DON'T presume that business can be explicitly discussed over meals, it is generally considered a sociable activity and therefore you should wait until your Spanish colleagues initiate such conversation. Despite this, business lunches and dinners are a vital part of business life in Spain as a means through which to establish trust and future business relationships. †¢ DON'T display signs of over assertiveness or superiority. Your Spanish counterparts will appreciate a more modest approach to business negotiations.http:/ /www. communicaid. com/cross-cultural-training/culture-for-business-and-management/doing-business-in/Spanish-business-and-social-culture. php

“A written constitution, rather than gradual reform, is...

â€Å"A written constitution, rather than gradual reform, is now essential for the UK to claim to be a modern democracy.† This essay will look at how a written constitution, according to some, would make Britain a modern democracy and it is therefore essential that the meaning of this phrase is fully understood before it can be explored in sufficient depth. A written constitution would outline the structures and powers of government in broad terms and the relationship between the different parts of government and citizens. Gradual reform, on the other hand, has no written record of the powers of government or a clear relationship between government and citizens; however, these are determined by laws†¦show more content†¦The key issues that are arguments against the written constitution are the it is unnecessary because gradual reform still works well, it is undesirable because power would be transferred to an unelected body of judges and that it would be unachievable due to the fact that there would be disagreement regarding who would write it and the content of the document. The need to define where power lies is a key point in the argument for the written constitution and, according to the Liberal Democrats, it is a fundamental requirement of a ‘modern democracy’. Due to the increasing proposals for regional assemblies, some believe that it must be made clear what powers local councils and authorities have, and the extent to which the government can affect their decisions. The role of the central government will be questioned and it is therefore, according to those who are pro constitution, essential to empirically define it, so that the regional assemblies are clear as to what their role is. The Scottish Parliament and the Welsh Assembly are the two main groups that are calling for clearer distinction of roles and powers to be made. A majorShow MoreRelatedOrganisational Theory230255 Words   |  922 Pagesindeed others who should know better) to trivialize this very problematic and challenging subject. This is not the case with the pre sent book. This is a book that deserves to achieve a wide readership. 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